MersV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000A01

Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis

Identifieur interne : 000A01 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000A00; suivant : 000A02

Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis

Auteurs : Guillaume Méric ; Leonardos Mageiros ; Johan Pensar [Finlande] ; Maisem Laabei [Suède] ; Koji Yahara [Japon] ; Ben Pascoe ; Nattinee Kittiwan [Thaïlande] ; Phacharaporn Tadee [Thaïlande] ; Virginia Post [Suisse] ; Sarah Lamble ; Rory Bowden ; James E. Bray ; Mario Morgenstern [Suisse] ; Keith A. Jolley ; Martin C. J. Maiden ; Edward J. Feil ; Xavier Didelot ; Maria Miragaia [Portugal] ; Herminia De Lencastre [Portugal, États-Unis] ; T. Fintan Moriarty [Suisse] ; Holger Rohde [Allemagne] ; Ruth Massey ; Dietrich Mack [Allemagne] ; Jukka Corander [Finlande, Norvège] ; Samuel K. Sheppard

Source :

Nature Communications [ 2041-1723 ] ; 2018.

RBID : PMC:6261936

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Génome bactérien (génétique), Génotype, Humains, Infections à staphylocoques (microbiologie), Interleukine-8 (métabolisme), Maladies de la peau (microbiologie), Staphylococcus epidermidis (génétique), Staphylococcus epidermidis (pathogénicité), Étude d'association pangénomique.
MESH :
- génétique : Génome bactérien, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- microbiologie : Infections à staphylocoques, Maladies de la peau.
- métabolisme : Interleukine-8.
- pathogénicité : Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- Génotype, Humains, Étude d'association pangénomique.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Genome, Bacterial (genetics), Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans, Interleukin-8 (metabolism), Skin Diseases (microbiology), Staphylococcal Infections (microbiology), Staphylococcus epidermidis (genetics), Staphylococcus epidermidis (pathogenicity).
MESH :
- chemical , metabolism : Interleukin-8.
- genetics : Genome, Bacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- microbiology : Skin Diseases, Staphylococcal Infections.
- pathogenicity : Staphylococcus epidermidis.
- Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Humans.

Abstract

Some of the most common infectious diseases are caused by bacteria that naturally colonise humans asymptomatically. Combating these opportunistic pathogens requires an understanding of the traits that differentiate infecting strains from harmless relatives. Staphylococcus epidermidis is carried asymptomatically on the skin and mucous membranes of virtually all humans but is a major cause of nosocomial infection associated with invasive procedures. Here we address the underlying evolutionary mechanisms of opportunistic pathogenicity by combining pangenome-wide association studies and laboratory microbiology to compare S. epidermidis from bloodstream and wound infections and asymptomatic carriage. We identify 61 genes containing infection-associated genetic elements (k-mers) that correlate with in vitro variation in known pathogenicity traits (biofilm formation, cell toxicity, interleukin-8 production, methicillin resistance). Horizontal gene transfer spreads these elements, allowing divergent clones to cause infection. Finally, Random Forest model prediction of disease status (carriage vs. infection) identifies pathogenicity elements in 415 S. epidermidis isolates with 80% accuracy, demonstrating the potential for identifying risk genotypes pre-operatively.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261936

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07368-7
PubMed: 30487573
PubMed Central: 6261936

Affiliations:

Allemagne, Finlande, Japon, Norvège, Portugal, Suisse, Suède, Thaïlande, États-Unis

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Meric, Guillaume" sort="Meric, Guillaume" uniqKey="Meric G" first="Guillaume" last="Méric">Guillaume Méric</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mageiros, Leonardos" sort="Mageiros, Leonardos" uniqKey="Mageiros L" first="Leonardos" last="Mageiros">Leonardos Mageiros</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0658 8800</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4827.9</institution-id>
<institution>Swansea University Medical School,</institution>
<institution>Swansea University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Singleton Campus Swansea, SA2 8PP UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SA2 8PP UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pensar, Johan" sort="Pensar, Johan" uniqKey="Pensar J" first="Johan" last="Pensar">Johan Pensar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Mathematics and Statistics,</institution>
<institution>University of Helsinki,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Helsinki, 00100 Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laabei, Maisem" sort="Laabei, Maisem" uniqKey="Laabei M" first="Maisem" last="Laabei">Maisem Laabei</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0930 2361</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4514.4</institution-id>
<institution>Present Address: Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Lund University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Malmö, 205 02 Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malmö</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahara, Koji" sort="Yahara, Koji" uniqKey="Yahara K" first="Koji" last="Yahara">Koji Yahara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2220 1880</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410795.e</institution-id>
<institution>Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center,</institution>
<institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tokyo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Ben" sort="Pascoe, Ben" uniqKey="Pascoe B" first="Ben" last="Pascoe">Ben Pascoe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">MRC Cloud-based Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) Consortium, Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kittiwan, Nattinee" sort="Kittiwan, Nattinee" uniqKey="Kittiwan N" first="Nattinee" last="Kittiwan">Nattinee Kittiwan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9039 7662</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7132.7</institution-id>
<institution>Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chiang Mai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tadee, Phacharaporn" sort="Tadee, Phacharaporn" uniqKey="Tadee P" first="Phacharaporn" last="Tadee">Phacharaporn Tadee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9291 0538</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411558.c</institution-id>
<institution>Graduate School,</institution>
<institution>Maejo University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chiang Mai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Post, Virginia" sort="Post, Virginia" uniqKey="Post V" first="Virginia" last="Post">Virginia Post</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0618 0495</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.418048.1</institution-id>
<institution>AO Research Institute Davos,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Davos, 7270 Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Davos</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamble, Sarah" sort="Lamble, Sarah" uniqKey="Lamble S" first="Sarah" last="Lamble">Sarah Lamble</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX3 7BN UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX3 7BN UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowden, Rory" sort="Bowden, Rory" uniqKey="Bowden R" first="Rory" last="Bowden">Rory Bowden</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX3 7BN UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX3 7BN UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bray, James E" sort="Bray, James E" uniqKey="Bray J" first="James E." last="Bray">James E. Bray</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morgenstern, Mario" sort="Morgenstern, Mario" uniqKey="Morgenstern M" first="Mario" last="Morgenstern">Mario Morgenstern</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410567.1</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,</institution>
<institution>University Hospital Basel,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Basel, 4031 Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Basel</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jolley, Keith A" sort="Jolley, Keith A" uniqKey="Jolley K" first="Keith A." last="Jolley">Keith A. Jolley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maiden, Martin C J" sort="Maiden, Martin C J" uniqKey="Maiden M" first="Martin C. J." last="Maiden">Martin C. J. Maiden</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feil, Edward J" sort="Feil, Edward J" uniqKey="Feil E" first="Edward J." last="Feil">Edward J. Feil</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Didelot, Xavier" sort="Didelot, Xavier" uniqKey="Didelot X" first="Xavier" last="Didelot">Xavier Didelot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,</institution>
<institution>Imperial College,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
London, SW7 2AZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SW7 2AZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miragaia, Maria" sort="Miragaia, Maria" uniqKey="Miragaia M" first="Maria" last="Miragaia">Maria Miragaia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121511713</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10772.33</institution-id>
<institution>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica,</institution>
<institution>Universidade Nova de Lisboa,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oeiras, 2775-412 Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oeiras</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lencastre, Herminia" sort="De Lencastre, Herminia" uniqKey="De Lencastre H" first="Herminia" last="De Lencastre">Herminia De Lencastre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121511713</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10772.33</institution-id>
<institution>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica,</institution>
<institution>Universidade Nova de Lisboa,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oeiras, 2775-412 Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oeiras</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 1519</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.134907.8</institution-id>
<institution>Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,</institution>
<institution>The Rockefeller University, New York,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
New York, 10065 USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>New York</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moriarty, T Fintan" sort="Moriarty, T Fintan" uniqKey="Moriarty T" first="T. Fintan" last="Moriarty">T. Fintan Moriarty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0618 0495</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.418048.1</institution-id>
<institution>AO Research Institute Davos,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Davos, 7270 Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Davos</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohde, Holger" sort="Rohde, Holger" uniqKey="Rohde H" first="Holger" last="Rohde">Holger Rohde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2287 2617</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9026.d</institution-id>
<institution>Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie & Hygiene,</institution>
<institution>Universität Hamburg,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Hamburg, 20246 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massey, Ruth" sort="Massey, Ruth" uniqKey="Massey R" first="Ruth" last="Massey">Ruth Massey</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7603</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5337.2</institution-id>
<institution>School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>University of Bristol,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Bristol, BS8 1TD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BS8 1TD UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mack, Dietrich" sort="Mack, Dietrich" uniqKey="Mack D" first="Dietrich" last="Mack">Dietrich Mack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim, 55218 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ingelheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Ingelheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Ingelheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corander, Jukka" sort="Corander, Jukka" uniqKey="Corander J" first="Jukka" last="Corander">Jukka Corander</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Mathematics and Statistics,</institution>
<institution>University of Helsinki,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Helsinki, 00100 Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8921</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5510.1</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biostatistics,</institution>
<institution>University of Oslo,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oslo, 0372 Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0606 5382</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10306.34</institution-id>
<institution>Pathogen Genomics,</institution>
<institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CB10 1SA UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Samuel K" sort="Sheppard, Samuel K" uniqKey="Sheppard S" first="Samuel K." last="Sheppard">Samuel K. Sheppard</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">MRC Cloud-based Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) Consortium, Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">30487573</idno>
<idno type="pmc">6261936</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261936</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:6261936</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/s41467-018-07368-7</idno>
<date when="2018">2018</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000406</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000406</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000406</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000406</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000598</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000598</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:30487573</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000721</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000721</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000721</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000721</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000946</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000946</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002026</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002026</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002026</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000A04</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000A01</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000A01</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Meric, Guillaume" sort="Meric, Guillaume" uniqKey="Meric G" first="Guillaume" last="Méric">Guillaume Méric</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mageiros, Leonardos" sort="Mageiros, Leonardos" uniqKey="Mageiros L" first="Leonardos" last="Mageiros">Leonardos Mageiros</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0658 8800</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4827.9</institution-id>
<institution>Swansea University Medical School,</institution>
<institution>Swansea University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Singleton Campus Swansea, SA2 8PP UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SA2 8PP UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pensar, Johan" sort="Pensar, Johan" uniqKey="Pensar J" first="Johan" last="Pensar">Johan Pensar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Mathematics and Statistics,</institution>
<institution>University of Helsinki,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Helsinki, 00100 Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laabei, Maisem" sort="Laabei, Maisem" uniqKey="Laabei M" first="Maisem" last="Laabei">Maisem Laabei</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff20"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0930 2361</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4514.4</institution-id>
<institution>Present Address: Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Lund University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Malmö, 205 02 Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Malmö</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yahara, Koji" sort="Yahara, Koji" uniqKey="Yahara K" first="Koji" last="Yahara">Koji Yahara</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2220 1880</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410795.e</institution-id>
<institution>Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center,</institution>
<institution>National Institute of Infectious Diseases,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Tokyo, 162-8640 Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Tokyo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pascoe, Ben" sort="Pascoe, Ben" uniqKey="Pascoe B" first="Ben" last="Pascoe">Ben Pascoe</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">MRC Cloud-based Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) Consortium, Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kittiwan, Nattinee" sort="Kittiwan, Nattinee" uniqKey="Kittiwan N" first="Nattinee" last="Kittiwan">Nattinee Kittiwan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff6"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9039 7662</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7132.7</institution-id>
<institution>Integrative Research Centre for Veterinary Preventive Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chiang Mai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tadee, Phacharaporn" sort="Tadee, Phacharaporn" uniqKey="Tadee P" first="Phacharaporn" last="Tadee">Phacharaporn Tadee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff7"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9291 0538</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.411558.c</institution-id>
<institution>Graduate School,</institution>
<institution>Maejo University,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Chiang Mai, 50290 Thailand</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Chiang Mai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Post, Virginia" sort="Post, Virginia" uniqKey="Post V" first="Virginia" last="Post">Virginia Post</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0618 0495</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.418048.1</institution-id>
<institution>AO Research Institute Davos,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Davos, 7270 Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Davos</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamble, Sarah" sort="Lamble, Sarah" uniqKey="Lamble S" first="Sarah" last="Lamble">Sarah Lamble</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX3 7BN UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX3 7BN UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowden, Rory" sort="Bowden, Rory" uniqKey="Bowden R" first="Rory" last="Bowden">Rory Bowden</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX3 7BN UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX3 7BN UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bray, James E" sort="Bray, James E" uniqKey="Bray J" first="James E." last="Bray">James E. Bray</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morgenstern, Mario" sort="Morgenstern, Mario" uniqKey="Morgenstern M" first="Mario" last="Morgenstern">Mario Morgenstern</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff11"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.410567.1</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology,</institution>
<institution>University Hospital Basel,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Basel, 4031 Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Basel</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jolley, Keith A" sort="Jolley, Keith A" uniqKey="Jolley K" first="Keith A." last="Jolley">Keith A. Jolley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maiden, Martin C J" sort="Maiden, Martin C J" uniqKey="Maiden M" first="Martin C. J." last="Maiden">Martin C. J. Maiden</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feil, Edward J" sort="Feil, Edward J" uniqKey="Feil E" first="Edward J." last="Feil">Edward J. Feil</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Didelot, Xavier" sort="Didelot, Xavier" uniqKey="Didelot X" first="Xavier" last="Didelot">Xavier Didelot</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2113 8111</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7445.2</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,</institution>
<institution>Imperial College,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
London, SW7 2AZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">SW7 2AZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miragaia, Maria" sort="Miragaia, Maria" uniqKey="Miragaia M" first="Maria" last="Miragaia">Maria Miragaia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121511713</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10772.33</institution-id>
<institution>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica,</institution>
<institution>Universidade Nova de Lisboa,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oeiras, 2775-412 Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oeiras</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lencastre, Herminia" sort="De Lencastre, Herminia" uniqKey="De Lencastre H" first="Herminia" last="De Lencastre">Herminia De Lencastre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff13"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121511713</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10772.33</institution-id>
<institution>Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica,</institution>
<institution>Universidade Nova de Lisboa,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oeiras, 2775-412 Portugal</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Portugal</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oeiras</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff14"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2166 1519</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.134907.8</institution-id>
<institution>Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases,</institution>
<institution>The Rockefeller University, New York,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
New York, 10065 USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>New York</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moriarty, T Fintan" sort="Moriarty, T Fintan" uniqKey="Moriarty T" first="T. Fintan" last="Moriarty">T. Fintan Moriarty</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff8"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0618 0495</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.418048.1</institution-id>
<institution>AO Research Institute Davos,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Davos, 7270 Switzerland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Davos</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohde, Holger" sort="Rohde, Holger" uniqKey="Rohde H" first="Holger" last="Rohde">Holger Rohde</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff15"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2287 2617</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.9026.d</institution-id>
<institution>Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie & Hygiene,</institution>
<institution>Universität Hamburg,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Hamburg, 20246 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Hamburg</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massey, Ruth" sort="Massey, Ruth" uniqKey="Massey R" first="Ruth" last="Massey">Ruth Massey</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 7603</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5337.2</institution-id>
<institution>School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>University of Bristol,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Bristol, BS8 1TD UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BS8 1TD UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mack, Dietrich" sort="Mack, Dietrich" uniqKey="Mack D" first="Dietrich" last="Mack">Dietrich Mack</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff17">Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim, 55218 Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Ingelheim</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ingelheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Ingelheim</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Ingelheim</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Corander, Jukka" sort="Corander, Jukka" uniqKey="Corander J" first="Jukka" last="Corander">Jukka Corander</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0410 2071</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7737.4</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Mathematics and Statistics,</institution>
<institution>University of Helsinki,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Helsinki, 00100 Finland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Finlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Helsinki</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff18"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8921</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.5510.1</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biostatistics,</institution>
<institution>University of Oslo,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oslo, 0372 Norway</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Oslo</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 0606 5382</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.10306.34</institution-id>
<institution>Pathogen Genomics,</institution>
<institution>Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Hinxton, CB10 1SA UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">CB10 1SA UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Samuel K" sort="Sheppard, Samuel K" uniqKey="Sheppard S" first="Samuel K." last="Sheppard">Samuel K. Sheppard</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 1699</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.7340.0</institution-id>
<institution>The Milner Centre for Evolution,</institution>
<institution>University of Bath,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">MRC Cloud-based Infrastructure for Microbial Bioinformatics (CLIMB) Consortium, Bath, BA2 7AY UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">BA2 7AY UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1936 8948</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.4991.5</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Zoology,</institution>
<institution>University of Oxford,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">OX1 3SZ UK</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Nature Communications</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2041-1723</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Genome, Bacterial (genetics)</term>
<term>Genome-Wide Association Study</term>
<term>Genotype</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Interleukin-8 (metabolism)</term>
<term>Skin Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Staphylococcal Infections (microbiology)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus epidermidis (genetics)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus epidermidis (pathogenicity)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génome bactérien (génétique)</term>
<term>Génotype</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à staphylocoques (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Interleukine-8 (métabolisme)</term>
<term>Maladies de la peau (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus epidermidis (génétique)</term>
<term>Staphylococcus epidermidis (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Étude d'association pangénomique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Interleukin-8</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genome, Bacterial</term>
<term>Staphylococcus epidermidis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génome bactérien</term>
<term>Staphylococcus epidermidis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à staphylocoques</term>
<term>Maladies de la peau</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Skin Diseases</term>
<term>Staphylococcal Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Interleukine-8</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Staphylococcus epidermidis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Staphylococcus epidermidis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Genome-Wide Association Study</term>
<term>Genotype</term>
<term>Humans</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Génotype</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Étude d'association pangénomique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">Some of the most common infectious diseases are caused by bacteria that naturally colonise humans asymptomatically. Combating these opportunistic pathogens requires an understanding of the traits that differentiate infecting strains from harmless relatives. <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>
 is carried asymptomatically on the skin and mucous membranes of virtually all humans but is a major cause of nosocomial infection associated with invasive procedures. Here we address the underlying evolutionary mechanisms of opportunistic pathogenicity by combining pangenome-wide association studies and laboratory microbiology to compare <italic>S. epidermidis</italic>
 from bloodstream and wound infections and asymptomatic carriage. We identify 61 genes containing infection-associated genetic elements (k-mers) that correlate with in vitro variation in known pathogenicity traits (biofilm formation, cell toxicity, interleukin-8 production, methicillin resistance). Horizontal gene transfer spreads these elements, allowing divergent clones to cause infection. Finally, Random Forest model prediction of disease status (carriage vs. infection) identifies pathogenicity elements in 415 <italic>S. epidermidis</italic>
 isolates with 80% accuracy, demonstrating the potential for identifying risk genotypes pre-operatively.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karlowsky, Ja" uniqKey="Karlowsky J">JA Karlowsky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hall, Kk" uniqKey="Hall K">KK Hall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lyman, Ja" uniqKey="Lyman J">JA Lyman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piette, A" uniqKey="Piette A">A Piette</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verschraegen, G" uniqKey="Verschraegen G">G Verschraegen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Banerjee, Sn" uniqKey="Banerjee S">SN Banerjee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Mp" uniqKey="Weinstein M">MP Weinstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otto, M" uniqKey="Otto M">M Otto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rupnik, M" uniqKey="Rupnik M">M Rupnik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilcox, Mh" uniqKey="Wilcox M">MH Wilcox</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerding, Dn" uniqKey="Gerding D">DN Gerding</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chambers, Hf" uniqKey="Chambers H">HF Chambers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Deleo, Fr" uniqKey="Deleo F">FR Deleo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liu, C" uniqKey="Liu C">C Liu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Uckay, I" uniqKey="Uckay I">I Uckay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kirn, T" uniqKey="Kirn T">T Kirn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, M" uniqKey="Weinstein M">M Weinstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otto, M" uniqKey="Otto M">M Otto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kozitskaya, S" uniqKey="Kozitskaya S">S Kozitskaya</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rohde, H" uniqKey="Rohde H">H Rohde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rohde, H" uniqKey="Rohde H">H Rohde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Christner, M" uniqKey="Christner M">M Christner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Th" uniqKey="Nguyen T">TH Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Md" uniqKey="Park M">MD Park</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Otto, M" uniqKey="Otto M">M Otto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mack, D" uniqKey="Mack D">D Mack</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koksal, F" uniqKey="Koksal F">F Koksal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yasar, H" uniqKey="Yasar H">H Yasar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samasti, M" uniqKey="Samasti M">M Samasti</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rolo, J" uniqKey="Rolo J">J Rolo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lencastre, H" uniqKey="De Lencastre H">H de Lencastre</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miragaia, M" uniqKey="Miragaia M">M Miragaia</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garcia Vazquez, E" uniqKey="Garcia Vazquez E">E Garcia-Vazquez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miragaia, M" uniqKey="Miragaia M">M Miragaia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomas, Jc" uniqKey="Thomas J">JC Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Couto, I" uniqKey="Couto I">I Couto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Enright, Mc" uniqKey="Enright M">MC Enright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lencastre, H" uniqKey="De Lencastre H">H de Lencastre</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meric, G" uniqKey="Meric G">G Meric</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Earle, Sg" uniqKey="Earle S">SG Earle</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lees, Ja" uniqKey="Lees J">JA Lees</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buttner, H" uniqKey="Buttner H">H Buttner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mack, D" uniqKey="Mack D">D Mack</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohde, H" uniqKey="Rohde H">H Rohde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miragaia, M" uniqKey="Miragaia M">M Miragaia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Couto, I" uniqKey="Couto I">I Couto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Lencastre, H" uniqKey="De Lencastre H">H de Lencastre</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laabei, M" uniqKey="Laabei M">M Laabei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Wd" uniqKey="Jamieson W">WD Jamieson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massey, Rc" uniqKey="Massey R">RC Massey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jenkins, At" uniqKey="Jenkins A">AT Jenkins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Collins, J" uniqKey="Collins J">J Collins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buckling, A" uniqKey="Buckling A">A Buckling</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massey, Rc" uniqKey="Massey R">RC Massey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stevens, Nt" uniqKey="Stevens N">NT Stevens</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sachse, F" uniqKey="Sachse F">F Sachse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Von Eiff, C" uniqKey="Von Eiff C">C von Eiff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Becker, K" uniqKey="Becker K">K Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Steinhoff, M" uniqKey="Steinhoff M">M Steinhoff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rudack, C" uniqKey="Rudack C">C Rudack</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rose, Hr" uniqKey="Rose H">HR Rose</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laabei, M" uniqKey="Laabei M">M Laabei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geisinger, E" uniqKey="Geisinger E">E Geisinger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muir, Tw" uniqKey="Muir T">TW Muir</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Novick, Rp" uniqKey="Novick R">RP Novick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fowler, Vg" uniqKey="Fowler V">VG Fowler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bosshard, L" uniqKey="Bosshard L">L Bosshard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, Sp" uniqKey="Brown S">SP Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cornforth, Dm" uniqKey="Cornforth D">DM Cornforth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mideo, N" uniqKey="Mideo N">N Mideo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Niehus, R" uniqKey="Niehus R">R Niehus</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mitri, S" uniqKey="Mitri S">S Mitri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fletcher, Ag" uniqKey="Fletcher A">AG Fletcher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Foster, Kr" uniqKey="Foster K">KR Foster</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Takeuchi, N" uniqKey="Takeuchi N">N Takeuchi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cordero, Ox" uniqKey="Cordero O">OX Cordero</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koonin, Ev" uniqKey="Koonin E">EV Koonin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaneko, K" uniqKey="Kaneko K">K Kaneko</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Bj" uniqKey="Shapiro B">BJ Shapiro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harris, Sr" uniqKey="Harris S">SR Harris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lysenko, Es" uniqKey="Lysenko E">ES Lysenko</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lijek, Rs" uniqKey="Lijek R">RS Lijek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Sp" uniqKey="Brown S">SP Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiser, Jn" uniqKey="Weiser J">JN Weiser</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rendueles, O" uniqKey="Rendueles O">O Rendueles</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Garcera, M" uniqKey="Garcia Garcera M">M Garcia-Garcera</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Neron, B" uniqKey="Neron B">B Neron</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Touchon, M" uniqKey="Touchon M">M Touchon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rocha, Epc" uniqKey="Rocha E">EPC Rocha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frost, Ls" uniqKey="Frost L">LS Frost</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leplae, R" uniqKey="Leplae R">R Leplae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Summers, Ao" uniqKey="Summers A">AO Summers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Toussaint, A" uniqKey="Toussaint A">A Toussaint</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miralles, R" uniqKey="Miralles R">R Miralles</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerrish, Pj" uniqKey="Gerrish P">PJ Gerrish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moya, A" uniqKey="Moya A">A Moya</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elena, Sf" uniqKey="Elena S">SF Elena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yao, Y" uniqKey="Yao Y">Y Yao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cafiso, V" uniqKey="Cafiso V">V Cafiso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Charbonneau, P" uniqKey="Charbonneau P">P Charbonneau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Post, V" uniqKey="Post V">V Post</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Morgenstern, M" uniqKey="Morgenstern M">M Morgenstern</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zerbino, Dr" uniqKey="Zerbino D">DR Zerbino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Birney, E" uniqKey="Birney E">E Birney</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jolley, Ka" uniqKey="Jolley K">KA Jolley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maiden, Mc" uniqKey="Maiden M">MC Maiden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meric, G" uniqKey="Meric G">G Meric</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aziz, Rk" uniqKey="Aziz R">RK Aziz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altschul, Sf" uniqKey="Altschul S">SF Altschul</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gish, W" uniqKey="Gish W">W Gish</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, W" uniqKey="Miller W">W Miller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Myers, Ew" uniqKey="Myers E">EW Myers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lipman, Dj" uniqKey="Lipman D">DJ Lipman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pascoe, B" uniqKey="Pascoe B">B Pascoe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maiden, Mc" uniqKey="Maiden M">MC Maiden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Sk" uniqKey="Sheppard S">SK Sheppard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jolley, Ka" uniqKey="Jolley K">KA Jolley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maiden, Mcj" uniqKey="Maiden M">MCJ Maiden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Edgar, Rc" uniqKey="Edgar R">RC Edgar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Price, Mn" uniqKey="Price M">MN Price</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dehal, Ps" uniqKey="Dehal P">PS Dehal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Arkin, Ap" uniqKey="Arkin A">AP Arkin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Didelot, X" uniqKey="Didelot X">X Didelot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilson, Dj" uniqKey="Wilson D">DJ Wilson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meric, G" uniqKey="Meric G">G Meric</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kemsley, Ek" uniqKey="Kemsley E">EK Kemsley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Falush, D" uniqKey="Falush D">D Falush</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saggers, Ej" uniqKey="Saggers E">EJ Saggers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucchini, S" uniqKey="Lucchini S">S Lucchini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, Df" uniqKey="Brown D">DF Brown</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Betjes, Mgh" uniqKey="Betjes M">MGH Betjes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boukamp, P" uniqKey="Boukamp P">P Boukamp</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Becker, K" uniqKey="Becker K">K Becker</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heilmann, C" uniqKey="Heilmann C">C Heilmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peters, G" uniqKey="Peters G">G Peters</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Otto, M" uniqKey="Otto M">M Otto</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Sk" uniqKey="Sheppard S">SK Sheppard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Power, Ra" uniqKey="Power R">RA Power</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Parkhill, J" uniqKey="Parkhill J">J Parkhill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Oliveira, T" uniqKey="De Oliveira T">T de Oliveira</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sheppard, Sk" uniqKey="Sheppard S">SK Sheppard</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guttman, Ds" uniqKey="Guttman D">DS Guttman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fitzgerald, Jr" uniqKey="Fitzgerald J">JR Fitzgerald</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krzywinski, M" uniqKey="Krzywinski M">M Krzywinski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kluge, Ag" uniqKey="Kluge A">AG Kluge</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Farris, Js" uniqKey="Farris J">JS Farris</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schliep, Kp" uniqKey="Schliep K">KP Schliep</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breiman, L" uniqKey="Breiman L">L Breiman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Finlande</li>
<li>Japon</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Portugal</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>Thaïlande</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bowden, Rory" sort="Bowden, Rory" uniqKey="Bowden R" first="Rory" last="Bowden">Rory Bowden</name>
<name sortKey="Bray, James E" sort="Bray, James E" uniqKey="Bray J" first="James E." last="Bray">James E. Bray</name>
<name sortKey="Didelot, Xavier" sort="Didelot, Xavier" uniqKey="Didelot X" first="Xavier" last="Didelot">Xavier Didelot</name>
<name sortKey="Feil, Edward J" sort="Feil, Edward J" uniqKey="Feil E" first="Edward J." last="Feil">Edward J. Feil</name>
<name sortKey="Jolley, Keith A" sort="Jolley, Keith A" uniqKey="Jolley K" first="Keith A." last="Jolley">Keith A. Jolley</name>
<name sortKey="Lamble, Sarah" sort="Lamble, Sarah" uniqKey="Lamble S" first="Sarah" last="Lamble">Sarah Lamble</name>
<name sortKey="Mageiros, Leonardos" sort="Mageiros, Leonardos" uniqKey="Mageiros L" first="Leonardos" last="Mageiros">Leonardos Mageiros</name>
<name sortKey="Maiden, Martin C J" sort="Maiden, Martin C J" uniqKey="Maiden M" first="Martin C. J." last="Maiden">Martin C. J. Maiden</name>
<name sortKey="Massey, Ruth" sort="Massey, Ruth" uniqKey="Massey R" first="Ruth" last="Massey">Ruth Massey</name>
<name sortKey="Meric, Guillaume" sort="Meric, Guillaume" uniqKey="Meric G" first="Guillaume" last="Méric">Guillaume Méric</name>
<name sortKey="Pascoe, Ben" sort="Pascoe, Ben" uniqKey="Pascoe B" first="Ben" last="Pascoe">Ben Pascoe</name>
<name sortKey="Sheppard, Samuel K" sort="Sheppard, Samuel K" uniqKey="Sheppard S" first="Samuel K." last="Sheppard">Samuel K. Sheppard</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Pensar, Johan" sort="Pensar, Johan" uniqKey="Pensar J" first="Johan" last="Pensar">Johan Pensar</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Corander, Jukka" sort="Corander, Jukka" uniqKey="Corander J" first="Jukka" last="Corander">Jukka Corander</name>
</country>
<country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Laabei, Maisem" sort="Laabei, Maisem" uniqKey="Laabei M" first="Maisem" last="Laabei">Maisem Laabei</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yahara, Koji" sort="Yahara, Koji" uniqKey="Yahara K" first="Koji" last="Yahara">Koji Yahara</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Thaïlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kittiwan, Nattinee" sort="Kittiwan, Nattinee" uniqKey="Kittiwan N" first="Nattinee" last="Kittiwan">Nattinee Kittiwan</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Tadee, Phacharaporn" sort="Tadee, Phacharaporn" uniqKey="Tadee P" first="Phacharaporn" last="Tadee">Phacharaporn Tadee</name>
</country>
<country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Post, Virginia" sort="Post, Virginia" uniqKey="Post V" first="Virginia" last="Post">Virginia Post</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Morgenstern, Mario" sort="Morgenstern, Mario" uniqKey="Morgenstern M" first="Mario" last="Morgenstern">Mario Morgenstern</name>
<name sortKey="Moriarty, T Fintan" sort="Moriarty, T Fintan" uniqKey="Moriarty T" first="T. Fintan" last="Moriarty">T. Fintan Moriarty</name>
</country>
<country name="Portugal"><noRegion><name sortKey="Miragaia, Maria" sort="Miragaia, Maria" uniqKey="Miragaia M" first="Maria" last="Miragaia">Maria Miragaia</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="De Lencastre, Herminia" sort="De Lencastre, Herminia" uniqKey="De Lencastre H" first="Herminia" last="De Lencastre">Herminia De Lencastre</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="De Lencastre, Herminia" sort="De Lencastre, Herminia" uniqKey="De Lencastre H" first="Herminia" last="De Lencastre">Herminia De Lencastre</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rohde, Holger" sort="Rohde, Holger" uniqKey="Rohde H" first="Holger" last="Rohde">Holger Rohde</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Mack, Dietrich" sort="Mack, Dietrich" uniqKey="Mack D" first="Dietrich" last="Mack">Dietrich Mack</name>
</country>
<country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Corander, Jukka" sort="Corander, Jukka" uniqKey="Corander J" first="Jukka" last="Corander">Jukka Corander</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Main/Exploration

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000A01 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000A01 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    MersV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:6261936
   |texte=   Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:30487573" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Mon Apr 20 23:26:43 2020. Site generation: Sat Mar 27 09:06:09 2021

Serveur d'exploration MERS

Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis

Disease-associated genotypes of the commensal skin bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

Pour générer des pages wiki

	Serveur d'exploration MERS
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.